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Pre-Algebra: Exponent Intro - Evaluating Powers

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About this Lesson

  • Type: Video Tutorial
  • Length: 2:08
  • Media: Video/mp4
  • Posted: 01/28/2009
  • Use: Watch Online & Download
  • Download: MP4 (iPod compatible)
  • Size: 31 MB

This lesson is part of the series: Pre-Algebra Review

Large numbers can be more easily expressed with a power. A power is an expression written with a base and an exponent (or the value of such an expression that includes both a base and an exponent). The base is a number in a power that is used as a factor. The exponent is a superscript number that indicates how many times the base is used as a factor. For example, 3^5 (or three to the power of five or three-to-the-fifth) can also be written as the product of five factors of three, or 3*3*3*3*3, or 243.

Taught by Professor Edward Burger, this lesson was selected from a broader, comprehensive course, Pre Algebra. This course and others are available from Thinkwell, Inc. The full course can be found at http://www.thinkwell.com/student/product/prealgebra. The full course covers whole numbers, integers, fractions and decimals, variables, expressions, equations and a variety of other pre algebra topics.

Edward Burger, Professor of Mathematics at Williams College, earned his Ph.D. at the University of Texas at Austin, having graduated summa cum laude with distinction in mathematics from Connecticut College.

He has also taught at UT-Austin and the University of Colorado at Boulder, and he served as a fellow at the University of Waterloo in Canada and at Macquarie University in Australia. Prof. Burger has won many awards, including the 2001 Haimo Award for Distinguished Teaching of Mathematics, the 2004 Chauvenet Prize, and the 2006 Lester R. Ford Award, all from the Mathematical Association of America. In 2006, Reader's Digest named him in the "100 Best of America".

Prof. Burger is the author of over 50 articles, videos, and books, including the trade book, Coincidences, Chaos, and All That Math Jazz: Making Light of Weighty Ideas and of the textbook The Heart of Mathematics: An Invitation to Effective Thinking. He also speaks frequently to professional and public audiences, referees professional journals, and publishes articles in leading math journals, including The Journal of Number Theory and American Mathematical Monthly. His areas of specialty include number theory, Diophantine approximation, p-adic analysis, the geometry of numbers, and the theory of continued fractions.

Prof. Burger's unique sense of humor and his teaching expertise combine to make him the ideal presenter of Thinkwell's entertaining and informative video lectures.

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EVALUATING POWERS

When we have really large numbers in our lives, sometimes a convenient way to express those numbers is as a power. When you think about a power, a power has two fundamental pieces: the base and the exponent. In this example, we see that the base is 3, and the exponent is 5. What does that mean? It means that we are going to have a number that’s going to have a factor of 3, 5 different times. This is the same thing as 3 times 3 times 3 times 3 times 3. That’s a really big number, and we can express it compactly as a power.

Let’s take a look at some examples together. You can see various powers in action. Here’s the first one. 6 to the 2nd power, sometimes read as 6 squared. What does that mean? It means that we have 6 multiplied by 6, twice. We have 2 copies of 6, 2 factors of 6. This 6 squared represents 36. Neat.

How about 3 to the 4th power? Here the base is 3, and the exponent is 4. What does this mean? It means that this is going to be a number that has exactly 4 factors of 3. That corresponds to this exponent. You have to multiply 3 times 3 times 3 times 3. 3 times 3 is 9, and 3 times 3 is 9. So, this is really just 9 time 9, which is 81. This is a pretty big number, 81, and I’m writing it as 3 to the 4th. They’re the same.

How about 5 to the 1? This is a little bit weird. 5 to the 1 means this is a number that just has 1 factor of 5. That means we just write 5 once. We just see 5. This equals 5. 5 to the 1st power is the same thing as 5. Neat.

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